So in this, you will get to know about what pteridophytes are, general characteristics of pteridophytes, the process of reproduction in pteridophytes and alternation of. Pteridophytes are found in cool, damp and shady places. Cormophyta is plant having real roots, stems, and leaves. Plants in this category do not have roots but have crude stems and leaves. Occurence most of the pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions selaginella lepidophylla. Pteridophytes pteridophytes are vascular plants, with no flowers and no seeds. Lycophytes, also known as the fern allies, are a clade of vascular plants similar to ferns but have unique leaves called microphylls.
Pteridophytes have many unique characters in both structural and reproductive features. The classes in this division represent some of the oldest lineages of land plants. The two main vascular elements are the xylem and phloem. Even so, some general structural and reproductive characteristics distinguish ferns from all. Pteridophytes general characters ppt general characteristics, life cycle and reproduction of pteridophytes ppt what are pteridophytes. General characteristics of pteridophytes key points easybiologyclass. The xylem consists of mostly, tracheitis and rarely, vessels selaginella, pteris etc. It helps to increase the number of population under unfavourable conditions also. Pteridophytes existing today represent ancient plant species which appeared about 300 million years ago in the late devonian period fernandez et al. It is differentiated into true root, stem and leaves. General characters with power point presentation ppt bryophytes general characters ppt mosses, liverworts and hornworts secretory tissue in plants ppt structure. Meaning of pteridophytes general characters of pteridophytes reproduction in pteridophytes affinities of pteridophytes development of sporangia in.
The content of the module is designed to provide you with a sound background. Eukaryotic cell a relatively large cell with a true nucleus and organelles. Aug 28, 2016 pteridophytes or pteridophyta, in the broad interpretation of the term or sensu lato, are vascular plants plants with xylem and phloem that reproduce and disperse via spores. Useful notes on the classification of pteridophytes. Pteridophytes general characteristics general characters of pteridophytes the vascular cryptogams pteridophytes are plants with feather like leaves. They are chlorophyllous, autotrophic, archegoniate, embryophytic and tracheophytic. These ferns, in biological terms, are nothing but the pteridophytes, belonging to the division pteridophyta of the plant kingdom.
The gametophyte generation forms gametes by mitosis. Features, classification, reproduction with examples. Greek thallus plant body without root, stem, and leaves. Characteristics, life cycle and examples of bryophyta biology. In this article, we shall study the characteristics and examples of division thallophyta. Important characteristic features of division pteridophyta with examples. The heterosporous pteridophytes produce microspores and megaspores which germinate to give rise to male and female gametophytes respectively. Being the first true land plants they include in their bodily features the results of many experiments that nature conducted with the sporophytic plant body on a primordial terrestrial habitat. Pteridophyta definition is a division of vascular plants coordinate with bryophyta and spermatophyta and coextensive with the subdivisions psilopsida, lycopsida, sphenopsida and the class filicineae of the pteropsida.
Pteridophytes are mostly terrestrial sometimes growing in the moist. Pteridophyta is the first vascular plant which possesses vascular tissues. The spores are produced by the sporangia in the spore mother cells. What adaptations of pteridophytes are not in bryophytes. Pteridophyta definition and examples biology online dictionary. Extant pteridophytes are cosmopolitan but are much better represented in the humid tropics, with only a few families e. Economic importance of pteridophytes pteridophytes, including ferns and fernallies, are the earliest of all the land plants. The megaspore and microspore germinate to give rise female and male gametophyte respectively.
Other important bryophytes characteristics are as follows. Organelle a specialized structure within a cell that carries out a certain function in that cell. They formed the dominant part of the earths during palaeozoic and mesozoic periods on soral evolution. But trust me the first thing that you notice is the abundant foliage of fern plants. Classification of pteridophyta pteridophyta includes in plantae kingdom and have four phylum, they are psilophyta, lycophyta, equisetophyta and pterophyta.
And among the first of the plants to truly live on land were the pteridophytes. Pteridophytes are a group of primitive land plants belongs to the cryptogams. The sporophytic plant body remains differentiated into true. Firstly all the botanists divided the plant kingdom into two large groups cryptogamia and phanerogamia, linnaeus 1754 used the term cryptogams for the first time for those plants which did not possess visible sex organs. They are the vascular plants those having xylem and phloem tissues that reproduce by releasing spores rather than seeds, and they include the highly diverse true ferns and other graceful, primarily forestdwelling plants. This lesson describes bryophytes, including mosses, liverworts, and. Evolutionarily, they are the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues xylem and phloem. Some pteridophytes are aquatic and some are epiphytes. With more than 10,000 known species of modern ferns, these plants display tremendous diversity in size, form and cultural needs. Characteristics of pteridophyta botany biology discussion.
Characteristics of pteridophyta pteridophyta is predicted as an oldest cormophyta. They occupy the position between bryophytes and spermatophytes. Bryophyta characteristics, life cycle and examples of. As with the ferns, lycophytes produce spores for reproduction. They have a vascular system used for the transportation of water and nutrients that includes roots, xylem, and phloem. Bryophytes are a group of plant species that reproduce via spores rather than flowers or seeds. As in seed plants, the greatest diversity of pteridophytes is found in the tropics, with only about six hundred species adapted for life in temperate climates. Pteridophytes biology encyclopedia plant, body, different.
Lycophytes have unique leaves that separate them from all other plant groups. A fern polypodiopsida or polypodiophyta is a member of a group of vascular plants plants with xylem and phloem that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. Life cycle of pteridophyta vegetative reproduction of pteridophyta is by rhizome. Start studying biology 202 chapter 29 tracheophytes. Meaning, general characters and affinities biology. As a representative of pteridophyta, the description of pteris is given below. The lycopodopsida clubmoss class was the first branch of the evolutionary tree. The sporophyte is the conspicuous and familiar plant body. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. As stated before, the defining feature of bryophytes is that they are nonvascular plants. Morphology, reproduction, life cycle and alternation of generation of pteridophytes.
All the pteridophytes possess a vasculature in the center of the axis traversing from one and to the other and branching with all the branches. Singh is known for his unique, focused and simplified neetaiims teaching to bring to. Pdf difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes. Ferns, horsetails often treated as ferns, and lycophytes clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts are all pteridophytes. Jan 23, 2017 occurence most of the pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions selaginella lepidophylla. The cryptogamia was further divided into thallophyta. Pteridophytes show a true alternation of generations. Characteristics of pteridophytes kingdom plantae biology. Asked in biology, botany or plant biology what are some characteristics of pteridophytes. Pteridophytes and its characteristics class 11 biology.
Diploid sporophyte is the dominant phase in life cycle. Small leaves called microphylls are found in some pteridophytes, e. Seed plants include the angiosperms, the conifers, and a smaller assortment of other plants. The vegetative reproduction is also a common type of reproduction in the pteridophytes. General characteristics of pteridophytes key points. Plant definition, characteristics and types biology. Moss is a bryophyte, a type of nonvascular plant found near fresh water.
Most bryophytes are found in damp environments and consist of three types of nonvascular land plants. Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo of pteridophytes, life cycle. Some pteridophytes are aquatic marselia, azolla and some are epiphytes ophioglossum pendulum. Their other common characteristics include vascular plant apomorphies e. Pteridophytes including ferns and fernallies are nonflowering, vascular and sporebearing plants. Some of the characters of pteridophytes are as follows.
General characteristics, life cycle and reproduction of pteridophytes ppt pteridophytes. Its means that the roots, stems, and leaves have vascular bundle, so pteridophyta also known as tracheophyta. Pteridophytes are a group of plant species that have grown on this earth for over millions of years. Well, these plantlike structures are the bryophytes. In this biology note, we will learn about pteridophytes and its characteristics, the process of reproduction and alternation of generation. Home science biology botany difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes. There is a lot more to discover and learn practically. The sporophyte represents the diploid phase and the gametophyte represents the haploid phase in the life cycle. To learn more about pteridophyta or any other related topics, please explore byjus biology.
Pteridophyte definition, any plant of the division pteridophyta, characterized by vascular tissue and differentiation into root, stem, and leaves, comprising the ferns, horsetails, and club mosses. Pteridophytes biology encyclopedia plant, body joilethbwinmi. To know about the plant kingdom, step out into your gardens and start observing. They have rhizoids instead of roots which helps the plant to anchor to surface. Sporophyte is an independent plant and is free from gametophyte at maturity. Characteristics of gymnosperms gymnosperms are seed plants adapted to life on land. Pteridophytes and its characteristics class 11 biology in this article, ill sprinkle on an important topic of plant kingdom, i.
Due to discovery of the fossil plants, the classification of pteridophytes has undergone vast changes in the recent past. In this article, ill sprinkle on an important topic of plant kingdom, i. Here, the dominant sporophyte produces spores through meiosis. The three classes of lycophytes all have very different growth forms but they do share a number of characteristics. Biology 202 chapter 29 tracheophytes flashcards quizlet. They are the first evolved plant group with vascular tissue system for the conduction of water and food materials. Describe the distribution and other general characteristics of pteridophytes. Pteridophyta definition of pteridophyta by merriamwebster. Pteridophyta have life cycle known as metagenesis with two generations, they are sporophyte and gametophyte generations. Spores developed in sporangia are homosporous or heterosporous. Characteristics of pteridophyta or tracheophyta qs study. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as cryptogams, meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden.
These are the first true land plants in the evolution of the plant kingdom. The pteridophytes spore bearing vascular plants have been around for 408 milloin years. Ferns, horsetails, spikemosses, club mosses, and quillworts are examples for pteridophytes. You may be familiar with green moss growing on a rock. Find the definition of pteridophyta in the largest biology dictionary online. The number of species of pteridophyte is about 10,000 species. Pteridophytes general characteristics free online biology. Defining characteristics when the first vascular plants successfully rooted themselves into the early earths soil 400 million years ago, they looked a little like pteridophytes. Classification of pteridophytes botany biology discussion. General characters of pteridophytes the vascular cryptogams 1. The pteridophytes reproduce both by the vegetative and sexual methods. The plant kingdom video lecture of biology for neet and aiims by dr. Pteridophytes were dominant land plants during the carboniferous era and a major source of todays coal and oil.
Pteridophyta characteristics, life cycle, classification. Pteridophytes exhibit a welldefined heteromorphic alternation of generations. In addition, in pteridophytes, the gametophyte is often very thin and can be unistratose, especially at the margins yatskievych, 2003. Psilophytinae ancient fern, lycopodinae wire fern, equisetinae horse tail fern, and filicinae real fern. When you think of forests and woods, you can picture trees, abundant lush green ferns, and other plants. Gymnosperms are seed plants adapted to life on land. The main bodu of pteridophytes is sporophytes the leaves are small as in case of sellaginella or big as in ferns the sporophytes gives rise to multicellular gametophytes by. Gametophyte is either fully or partially dependent on sporophyte for its nutrition. Chloroplast an organelle found in plant cells that contains chlorophyll.
Compare and contrast the properties of pteridophytes. Conclusion bryophytes and pteridophytes are two groups of plants which are neither seed. Some pteridophytes are aquatic marselia, azolla and. Plant kingdom classification of pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Who is not familiar with moss, the thick green mat that grows on the surface, seen mostly in the lawns. Occurrence and evolution of pteridophytes biology boom.
Pteridophytes may represent the closest living relatives sister group to the seed plants. Bryophyte definition, characteristics, life cycle and. Free biology and life science resources at your fingertips. Members of division thallophyta are the most primitive and simple plants. In 1880, the cryptogams of the plant kingdom were divided. What are pteridophytes definition, structure, classification, characteristics 3. Pteridophytes shows large variation in the form, size and habit. These are nonflowering plants which do not produce seeds. In this lesson, well discover the characteristics, classification, and life cycle of the group pteridophyta, which includes plant species like ferns and horsetails. The pteridophytes are found in cool, damp, shady places though some may flourish well in sandy soil conditions. Taormina has taught advanced high school biology, is a science museum educator, and has a masters degree in museum paleontology. They form a conspicuous element of the earths vegetation and are important from. The pteridophyta, commonly called vascular cryptogams, are represented by. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in.
They are primitive plants and lack seeds, wood, fruit and flowers. Ferns the largest group of living seedless vascular plantsand probably the most familiarare the ferns with about 12,000 species, over two. Smallest pteridophyte is azolla an aquatic fern and. Botanically, they belong to the division of nonflowering plants known as pteridophyta. Their leaves, known as microphylls, have only one vein that runs down the length of the leaf.
Furthermore, in hymenophyllous ferns, the sporophyte is. A pteridophyte is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that disperses spores. The innhabitants of dry land are selaginella rupestris, selaginella lepidophylla, equisetum arvens etc. This assessment will assess how well you understand the life. Pteridophytes general characters and life cycle of ferns email. The plants which can be differentiated into leaf, root, stem and whose sporophytic and gametophytic phases are independent are known as pteridophyta or tracheophyta. Fossil of pteridophyta found in the stone since carbon era past of 345 millions ago. There are about eleven thousand different species of pteridophytes, making them the most diverse. As in seed plants, the greatest diversity of pteridophytes is found in the tropics, with only about six. What are the characteristics of pteridophytes answers.
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